Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression

Introduction Depression is a stage in stress psychology and it can affect any person across the gender and demographic variables. However, depression is more common in women than men and statistics shows that in the united state in every three reported cases of depression one is a man while the ratio increases to worldwide statistics which stands at 3 to 1.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although, there is much to be researched on the gender differences of depression, there are general causes of depression either environmental or biological. This paper will try to discuss several methodological bias associated with sex depression. Clinician Bias In this description, it argues that people who are over-reliant for self-esteem and identity are more exposed to the risks of getting depression incase of a relation break out. Since self-esteem comes from external sources, these people cannot deal with the loss hence reacting passively. The similarity between the depression-prone people and collection of traits are used to distinguish women in the normal course of body development. The research has shown that there is a relationship between masculinity and depression where lower masculinity results to higher rate of depression. The interpretation here characterizes women with low masculinity hence lower sex orientation in women than in men. Both low masculinity and depression symptoms are as a result of low self-esteem (Helgeson, 2009) Response bias This is referred to as a bias which affects the results of responses or deviation in judgment making on particular situations. It’s believed that men suffer less from depression because of their avoidance in expressing feelings compared to women. It’s also arguable that women are available to nurture each other in case of the depressive feeling hence lowering their rejection. Other evidence indicates that when various socio-economic and demographic factors are carefully controlled sex depression is reduced or totally eliminated. Relatively both male and female youths who are unmarried are in the same risks of getting depressed, but the rate increases to women once they get married. Differing manifestation of Depression Researchers have prescribed that the depression in women and men to be treated differently for they are fully different. Although women depression is denoted by several causes, depressions associated with socio life conditions should not be viewed as a clinical type of depression (Peta, 2002).Advertising Looking for critical writing on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It’s taken in a great concern to analyze the reasons leading to depression mostly in women, and then, identify long-lasting strategies to curb this challenge and advocat e for women mental health policies that oversee their needs. It’s, therefore, necessary to any psychiatrist within psychiatry to define mental illness of every patient in order to determine the most appropriate diagnosis and also provides ways to defend against contradictory medical evidence. Furthermore, the problem of depression is much more prevalent in women than it is with men not only as being induced by the societal interaction problems and pressures, but depression in women may become worse due to their biological makeup/ components in the body. In this connection, there are evidence from research results which have shown that women are greatly affected by hormonal factors/ elements such as estrogen, which bring about menopausal symptoms. This is well observed during adolescent or teenager’s stage when the hormonal elements are fully produced and active in the body. In short, this may be perpetuated to old age and be augmented by other environmental factors, es pecially for those exposed under different unfavorable social conditions at workplace and/or within the community they live in. References Helgeson, V. S. (2009). Psychology of Gender. NJ: Pearson Education, Inc Peta, S. (2002). Feminist Research: Prospect and Retrospect. Canadian Research Institute for the Advancement of Women This critical writing on Methodological Bias Associated with Sex Depression was written and submitted by user Niko Bonner to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Tips on How to Read Chinese

Tips on How to Read Chinese To the untrained eye, Chinese characters can seem like a confusing mess of lines. But characters have a logic of their own, revealing clues about definition and pronunciation. Once you learn more about the elements of characters, the logic behind them begins to emerge. Why Are Radicals Important? The building blocks of Chinese characters are radicals. Almost all Chinese characters are composed of at least one radical. Traditionally, Chinese dictionaries were classified by radicals, and many modern dictionaries still use this method for looking up characters. Other classification methods used in dictionaries include phonetics and the number of strokes used for drawing characters. Besides their usefulness for categorizing characters, radicals also provide clues for meaning and pronunciation. This is particularly useful when characters also have a related theme. For example, most characters having to do with water or moisture all share the radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ). The radical æ ° ´ on its own is also a Chinese character, which translates to water. Some radicals have more than one form. The radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ), for example, can also be written as æ ° µ when it is used as part of another character. This radical is called ä ¸â€°Ã§â€š ¹Ã¦ ° ´ (sÄ n diÇŽn shuÇ ), which means three drops of water as, indeed, the radical looks like three droplets.  These alternate forms are rarely used independently since they do not stand as Chinese characters on their own.  Therefore, radicals can be a useful tool for remembering the meaning of Chinese characters. Here are a few examples of characters based on the radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ): æ ° ¾ – fn – overflow; flood æ ±  – zhÄ « – juice; fluid æ ±  – wn – weep; shed tears æ ±â€" – hn – perspiration æ ±Å¸ – jiÄ ng – river Characters can be composed of more than one radical. When multiple radicals are used, one radical is typically used to hint at the definition of the word while the other radical hints at the pronunciation. For example: æ ±â€" – hn – perspiration The radical æ ° ´ (shuÇ ) implies that  Ã¦ ±â€" has something to do with water, which makes sense because perspiration is wet. The sound of the character is provided by the other element. Ã¥ ¹ ² (gn) on its own is the Chinese character for dry. But gn and hn sound very similar. Types of Characters There are six different types of Chinese characters: pictographs, ideographs, composites, phonetic loans, radical phonetic compounds, and borrowings. Pictographs The earliest forms of Chinese writing originate from pictographs. Pictographs are simple diagrams meant to represent objects. Examples of pictographs include: æâ€" ¥ – rà ¬ – sun Ã¥ ± ± – shÄ n – mountain é› ¨ – yÇ” – rain ä º º – rà ©n – person These examples are modern forms of pictographs, which are quite stylized. But the early forms clearly show the objects they represent.   Ideographs Ideographs are characters which represent an idea or concept. Examples of ideographs include ä ¸â‚¬ (yÄ «), ä ºÅ' (à ¨r), ä ¸â€° (sÄ n), which means one, two, three. Other ideographs include ä ¸Å  ( shng) which means  up and ä ¸â€¹ (xi) which means  down. Composites Composites are formed by combining two or more pictographs or ideographs. Their meanings are often implied by the associations of these elements. Some examples of composites include: Ã¥ ¥ ½ – hÇŽo – good. This character combines woman (Ã¥ ¥ ³) with child (Ã¥ ­ ). æ £ ® – sÄ“n – forest. This character combines three trees (æÅ" ¨) to make a forest. Phonetic Loans As Chinese characters evolved over time, some of the original characters were used (or loaned) to represent words that had the same sound but different meanings. As these characters took on a new meaning, new characters representing the original meaning were devised. Here is an example: Ã¥Å'â€" - bÄ›i   This character originally meant â€Å"the back (of the body)† and was pronounced bà ¨i. Over time, this Chinese character has come to mean north. Today, the Chinese word for back (of the body) is now represented by the character èÆ'Å' (bà ¨i) . Radical Phonetic Compounds These are characters which combine phonetic components with semantic components. These represent approximately 80 percent of modern Chinese characters. You have already seen examples of radical phonetic compounds as discussed earlier.   Borrowings The final category – borrowings – is for characters that represent more than one word. These words have the same pronunciation as the borrowed character, but do not have a character of their own. An example of borrowing is è  ¬ (wn) which originally meant â€Å"scorpion†, but came to mean â€Å"ten thousand†, and is also a surname.

NURSE PRESCRIBING (the subject area is HEALTH VISITING) Essay

NURSE PRESCRIBING (the subject area is HEALTH VISITING) - Essay Example The actions that has been taken so far should also be recorded and any kind of medication that the Kellie may have received. When the drug history is being recorded, there should be a reference on any OTC and any other therapies that Kellie could have used before. These are like the herbal or the homeopathic remedies. It may hard for Shelly to give this information as some of the remedies used may not appear to have any effect. Thus making her understand what is means of alternative therapies is important. At this point it is important to note of any drug allergies that Kellie could have and they be noted in her notes. When Shelly presents the condition of her child, it is imperative to bear in mind that alternative treatment options ought to be taken into consideration prior to writing a prescription. With this, there are things that need to be considered. The first thing is the diagnostic recognized? The symptoms that appear in Kellies have to be assessed so as to be sure of the diagnostic. In the case of Kellie, the presence of egg cases discarded on the head ought to be investigated. These usually attach themselves on the shaft of the hair, and they remain even after the head lice have cleared. These however may not assure the presence of head lice. Thus one should continue and look for at least the presence of a head louse. The other thing that should be considered is if a GP referral is shown. In the case of Kellie there was no referral that was present. The nurse also ought to consider if any prescription is required at all. This can only be given in cases where the need is genuine. It should be born in mind that some patients may want to get a prescription for some other reasons other than to get treated for their illnesses. Thus before the nurse prescribes any medication for Kellie should make sure that she is infested with head lice and that she does not want to gain her mother’s attention. The health visitor should also do a physical